
Fast Facts
Area: 6340 sq km (2473sq mi)
Population: 16.7 million
People: Han Chinese
Main language: Mandarin (putonghua)/Shanghaihua
Time Zone: GMT/UTC +8
Telephone Code: 021
Historic Transformation
Shanghai
underwent a historic transformation on May 27, 1949, when it was
liberated by the People's Liberation Army of the Communist Party of
China from the Kuomingtang rule. In the past five decades, fundamental
changes have taken place in this once semi-feudal and semi-colonial
city. Particularly, since China adopted the reform and opening policy
in 1978, Shanghai has witnessed marked progresses in its social and
economic development. Today, Shanghai is the largest economic and
transportation centre in China. Today, the city is striving to
become one of the economic, financial, trade and international shipping
centers in the world.
Founding of the City
Shanghai began
as Huating County, an administrative district established in 751 AD.
The county, located in an area known today as Songjiang District,
reached to Hongkou District in the north, Xiasha in the east and the
coast in the south. In 991 AD, Shanghai Town was established in the
county. During the 1260-1274 period, the town evolved into an important
trading port. In 1292, the then central government approved the
establishment of Shanghai County in this area, which has been widely
deemed as the official beginning of the city of Shanghai.
Administrative Districts
After several
periods of administration readjustment since 1949, Shanghai is now
divided into 16 districts and three counties. There are 171 towns, 3
townships, 93 subdistrict committees, 3,30 neighborhood committees and
2,771 villagers' committees in the city.
Topographic Features
Except for a
few hills in the southwest corner, most of the Shanghai area is flat
and belongs to the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta. The
average sea level elevation is about four meters.
Climate
With a
northern sub-tropical maritime monsoon climate, Shanghai enjoys four
distinct seasons every year. Its spring and autumn are relatively short
compared with the summer and winter. In 2000, the average annual
temperature was 17.6 degrees Celsius. The city had a frost-free period
of 300 days a year, and received an average annual rainfall of 1,302
millimetres. However, nearly 50 per cent of the precipitation came
during the May-September flood season, which is divided into three
rainy periods, namely the Spring Rains, the Plum Rains and the Autumn
Rains.
Location
Shanghai is
situated at 31'14' north latitude and 121'29' east longitude. Bordering
on Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces on the west, Shanghai is washed by
the East China Sea on the east and Hangzhou Bay on the south. North of
the city, the Yangtze River pours into the East China Sea. It also
assumes the central location along China's coastal line. Thanks to its
advantageous geographic location, Shanghai has today become an
excellent sea and river port, boasting easy accesses to a vast
hinterland.
Population
Before
Shanghai was liberated in 1949, the city had a population of only 5.2
million. By the end of 2000, Shanghai's population had grown to 13.2163
million (according to the permanent residence registration),
representing 1 per cent of China's total. The figure was 2.5 times of
that registered before 1949. In 2000, the average population density in
the city stood at 2,084 people per square kilometre, but the figure was
2,897 in the urban area. By the end of the year, the city had a total
population of 16.74 million (including the floating population).
Growth Prediction
The United Nations estimates that Shanghai's population will stand at 23.4 million by the year 2015.
City Flower
In 1986, the
Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress passed a
resolution adopting the white magnolia as the city flower. The white
magnolia is among the few spring flowers in Shanghai. It is in full
blossom in early spring. The flower has large, white petals and its eye
always looks towards the sky. Therefore, the flower symbolizes the
pioneering and enterprising spirit of the city.
Choosing a Name
Shanghai is
called in Chinese "Hu" for short. During the Jin Dynasty (4th-5th
centuries), fishermen living along the Songjiang River (today's Suzhou
Creek) and the coast of the East China Sea created a fishing tool they
called "Hu." By combining the name of the fishing tool and the then
term for estuary of big rivers, they coined a Chinese character "Hu" to
name the place as it sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River, the
longest river in China.
A New Gold Rush
Shanghai
Tourism Administrative Commission is expecting 3 million overseas
visitors and 95 million domestic tourists to visit Shanghai in 2003,
putting an estimated RMB121.3 billion ($US14.5 billion) into the city
coffers.
Popular Destination
When
Shanghai's unique architectural legacy and its recent economic
transformation are factored in, it is easy to see why seven of every 10
visitors to China come to Shanghai.
Numbers Add Up
Numbers tell
an essential part of the story. While the city has just one per cent of
China's population, Shanghai accounts for four per cent of China's
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 11 per cent of its financial services,
and 12 per cent of China's total industrial output. Textiles, steel,
manufacturing, and shipbuilding dominate the city's economy, which
reports double-digit growth year after year. Nearly half its workforce
is involved in manufacturing.
No Small Feat
Shanghai is
not only home to China's first and largest stock exchange, it also
contains more than two dozen McDonald's, 50 KFCs, 2,000 Internet cafes,
and one million mobile phone users - not to mention the world's second
largest department store and the tallest hotel on Earth. With
prosperity, even sales of the venerable bicycle, formerly the chief
means of transport in the city, have declined (from one million sales
in Shanghai in 1990 to half that today). Meanwhile, the streets are
crowded with some 600,000 vehicles (including 40,000 taxis) and 280,000
motorcycles.
City of Big Dreams
This is a city
of big dreams. City planners promise that Shanghai will soon be not
only China's financial and manufacturing capital, but its "green"
capital as well. Shanghai has converted Nanjing Road to a pedestrian
mall, remodeled the Bund and its promenade, revitalized many avenues
and villas in the old French Concession, and created 1,800 hectares
(4,500 acres) of greenway with trees and lawns (an area equivalent to
4,000 football fields). The city's 40,000 taxis are slated to be
converted to natural gas as the primary fuel by 2003. The latest
environmental project is an ambitious one indeed: the Huangpu River
Renovation Project, covering 20km (12 miles) of downtown riverfront on
both shores (between the Nanpu and brand-new Lupu bridges). The harbor
will be transformed by green corridors, a flower bridge, an elliptical
canal, a maritime museum, marinas, riverside parks, and new housing
estates. The goal is to make Shanghai a "state-level garden city, like
Dalian and Xiamen" by 2005, the same year that over 1,000 noisy
powerboats using tractor engines will be banned from the main
waterways. Already Shanghai earmarks three per cent of its GDP to
anti-pollution efforts, the highest investment rate in China.
Foreign Faces
In the
colonial 1930s, there was a saying that in Shanghai "everywhere within
a radius of 10 miles, you'll see a foreign face". Today, many
expatriates reside in Shanghai and millions of tourists from around the
globe visit the city.
Earthquakes
Shanghai is
not located in a particularly earthquake-prone zone. The last big one
was in 1624, although a 6.2 quake in the Yellow Sea in 1984 caused some
Shanghai residents to jump out of windows in fear. Twenty stations
measure tilting, budging, and other seismic activity around Shanghai.
New buildings can withstand quakes in the 7.0 range and above. Regional
earthquakes during the past 20 years (centered in the East China Sea)
have been in the 5.0-6.2 range.
Electricity
The
electricity in Shanghai is 220 volts, alternating current (AC), 50
cycles. Outlets come in a variety of configurations. Be prepared to
supply your own transformers and modem adapters. Hotels do supply a
range of standard adapters. The most common adapters are the narrow
round two-pin, the slanted two-prong, and the three-prong types.
Emergencies
The emergency phone numbers in Shanghai are 110 for police, 119 for fire, and 120 for ambulance.
Information
There are
three official Tourist Information Centres (also called Consultant
Service for Tourists) in Shanghai, with English-language speakers,
located at the Hongqiao Airport, international arrival hall (ph.
021/6268-8899, ext. 56750; open 10am-9:30pm daily); at the People's
Square Metro Station, main hall (ph. 021/6438-1693; open 8:30am-5pm
daily); and at the Yu Yuan Commercial Building, Yayi Jewelry Store, Old
Town Shanghai (ph. 021/6355-4909; 8:30am-9pm daily).
International Calls
To make an
international direct dial (IDD) call from Shanghai (which you can do
from most Shanghai hotel rooms), dial the international access code
(00) + the country code for the country you are calling + the area code
and the local phone number. The country code for Australia is 61, for
New Zealand 64, for the U.S. and Canada 1, and for the United Kingdom
44. To call the Australia from Shanghai, for example, dial 00 + 61
+ Australian area code + phone number. If you have questions, speak
with the hotel operator or an international operator (ph. 116).
Smoking
China has more
smokers than any other nation, an estimated 350 million, accounting for
one of every three cigarettes consumed worldwide. About 70 per cent of
the men smoke. Recent anti-smoking campaigns have led to laws banning
smoking on all forms of public transport (including taxis) and in
waiting rooms and terminals. The ban is spreading to some public
buildings. Fines can be levied, but enforcement is sporadic. Hotels
provide non-smoking rooms and floors and many restaurants have begun to
set aside non-smoking tables and sections. At present, expect to
encounter more smoking in public places in China than in most Western
countries.
Time Zone
Shanghai (and
all of China) is eight hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT + 8).
Shanghai does not use daylight savings time. For the current time in
Shanghai, telephone 117.
Water
Water from the
tap is not safe for drinking (or for brushing teeth). The water
available in hotel rooms in flasks, thermoses, or plastic bottles is
safe to drink. Clean bottled water (including imported brands) can be
purchased almost everywhere, even from street vendors, very cheaply.
Weather
The Shanghai
Daily and China Daily newspapers, Chinese TV news programs and some
hotel bulletin boards furnish the next day's forecast. You can also
dial Shanghai's weather number, telephone 121.
Currency
The RMB
(Renminbi) is the official currency. The basic unit of RMB is the yuan
also known as "kuai," divided into 10 jiao, which is again divided into
10 fen. Yuan notes come in 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, and 100.
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